Laravel is known to be a web application framework that comes with elegant and expressive syntax. All development should be creative and enjoyable experiences. With Laravel, you can take out the pain of development by simply easing the common tasks that are used in most projects like sessions at authentication, caching, and routing.
Laravel focuses on easing the task of the development process and making it really for the developer without even sacrificing the application functionality.
📺 The highlights reel of the first day of #LaraconIN
This was an epic day! pic.twitter.com/3PkXQaG5wu
— Freek Van der Herten 🔭 (@freekmurze) February 26, 2023
Laravel is a powerful and accessible tool report for robust applications. It is an expressive migration system, a perfect inversion of the control container and the integrated unit testing support provides you with the required tool for developing any kind of application. This open-source and free PHP framework follows the MVC or model-view-controller design pattern.
What are the advantages of using Laravel?
- Integration with the latest PHP tools developed quick web applications
- Developing authentication and authorization systems
- Mail services integration
- Handling configuration and exception errors
- Separation of presentation code from business logic port
- Automation testing work
- Scheduling management and tasks configuration
- Fixing technical vulnerabilities
- Safe time along with clean API
- Websites are usually secure and scalable
Key points of the Laravel framework
- Details documentation
- High security
- Modular and libraries
- Unit testing
- Object-relational mapping
- Template engine
- Database migration system
- MVC architecture support
Laravel was developed by Mr. Orwell and its first beta version was released in the year 2011, June. The second version of Laravel was released in 2011, September. Again, the third version was released in 2012, February, followed by the fourth version in May 2013. In the Laravel interview questions, most of the candidates ask these details. In February 2015, the Laravel 5 version was released.
Now, let’s delve deeper into the Laravel interview questions and answers:
What Laravel framework exactly constitutes?
It is an open-source, powerful, and free PHP framework that follows the model view-controller- design pattern. This popular framework is developed in accordance with the programming language of PHP, which helps in reducing development costs as well as improving the overall quality of coding.
Some of the features which make Laravel a popular choice among developers are as follows:
- Database seeding
- Unit testing
- Homestead
- Query builder available
- Eloquent ORM
- Restful controllers
- Automatic pagination
How can you install Laravel using composer?
Steps included in Laravel installation:
- If you do not have composer downloaded on your system, then get it downloaded from https://getcomposer.org/download/
- Open the CMD
- Goto the htdocs folder
- C:\xampp\htdocs>composer create-project laravel/laravel projectname
Or
You can use the following installing a specific version composer create-project laravel/laravel project name “5.6”
In case, mention any kind of specific version, automatically install the latest option.
What is the term middleware meant in laravel?
The middleware in Laravel serves as the middleman between response and request. Middleware can be considered as a kind of http requests filtering mechanism.
For instance, if an authenticated user is trying to get access to the dashboard, the middleware will simply redirect to the exact login page.
// Syntax
php artisan make:middleware MiddelwareName
// Example
php artisan make:middleware UserMiddelware
Now UserMiddelware.php file will create in app/Http/Middleware
What do you mean by database migration in laravel and how is it used?
This is a kind of version to control database, and allows us to share and modify the database application schema easily.
Generally, the migration file includes two methods – down() and up()
Down() is preferred to reverse any kind of operations that are performed using up method. Up() is usually used when it comes to adding new indexes, database columns and tables.
You can generate a migration & its file with the help of make:migration .
Syntax : php artisan make:migration blog
A current_date_blog.php file will be create in database/migrations
How do service providers work in laravel?
The entire Laravel application has a central place which is known as a service provider. A provider can be defined as a powerful tool for performing dependency injection and managing class dependencies. Service provider commands level to bind multiple components into a single Laravel service container. You can prefer to use annotation command in order to generate a service provider like PHP artisans make: provider ClientsServiceProvider
The below-listed functions are included in the file:
- Boot function
- Register function
How to come across the data available between two dates with the help of Query in Laravel?
The whereBetween() method can be used in order to derive data between two specific dates using Query
For instance,
Blog::whereBetween(‘created_at’, [$date1, $date2])->get();
How is it possible to turn off the CRSF protection for a specific route?
That specific Route or URL can be added in the $except variable. It is generally present in the file naming app\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken.php.
For instance,
class VerifyCsrfToken extends BaseVerifier {
protected $except = [
‘Pass here your URL’,
];
}
What is the term Facade means in Laravel? How can we use it?
Facade can be defined as a kind of class that offers a static interface to all the services and it enables a service to access from the container directly. Also, stated as Illuminate\Support\Facadesnamespace. It ensures ease of use.
For instance,
Route::get(‘/cache’, function () {
return Cache::get(‘PutkeyNameHere’);
});
What are the enhancements features of the latest Laravel 5.8?
Laravel 5.8 is known for being the current and latest version and it was released this year on 26th February. Security fixes will be released on 26th February, 2020 and bug fixes on 26th August 2019.
What features of Laravel 5.8?
- Improve email validation
- Carbon 2.0 support
- PHPUnit 8.0 support
- Pheanstalk 4.0 support
- Numerous other usability improvements and bug fixes
- Token hashing token guard
- Spy Testing Helper and Mock methods
- Enhanced configuration of scheduler time zone
- PSR-16 cache driver compliance
- Assigning authentication guards to the broadcast channels
- Session drivers and DynamoDB cach
What is the dd() function available in Laravel ?
It can be said as a helper function that is used in order to dump a variable’s contents into the browser as well as stops the further script execution. It stands for Dump and Die.
For instance,
dd($array);
how can you open a file in Laravel?
How is it possible to obtain the user’s detail when logged in via Auth?
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
$userinfo = Auth::user();
print_r($userinfo );
Is caching supported by Laravel? If yes, how?
Well, Laravel supports caching like Redis and Memcached. Laravel is properly configured with the file cache by default. This cache stored cached and serialized objected in files. Basically, Redis and Memcached are used for huge projects.
How multiple AND condition are added in the Laravel Query?
We can add separate where() for specific AND condition and add multiple AND operators in case of a single where() conditions.
For instance,
DB::table(‘client’)->where(‘status’, ‘=’, 1)->where(‘name’, ‘=’, ‘bestinterviewquestion.com’)->get();
DB::table(‘client’)->where([‘status’ => 1, ‘name’ => ‘bestinterviewquestion.com’])->get();
How Join is used in Laravel?
DB::table(‘admin’)
->join(‘contacts’, ‘admin.id’, ‘=’, ‘contacts.user_id’)
->join(‘orders’, ‘admin.id’, ‘=’, ‘orders.user_id’)
->select(‘users.id’, ‘contacts.phone’, ‘orders.price’)
->get();
In Laravel, how can you make use of the current action name?
request()->route()->getActionMethod()
What is the meaning of fillable attribute in a Model in Laravel?
It can be termed as an array that contains those fields of table created directly to add new record in the Database table.
For instance,
class User extends Model {
protected $fillable = [‘username’, ‘password’, ‘phone’];
}
What is the Blade Laravel?
Blade is known for being a powerful and simple templating engine that comes with Laravel. “Blade Template Engine” is preferred by Laravel.
What is exactly the Guarded Attribute in Models in Laravel?
In Laravel, the Guarded Attribute in Models is the reverse of the fillable. Guarded Attribute directly mentions the fields that are not mass assignable.
For instance,
class User extends Model {
protected $guarded = [‘user_type’];
}
What are Queues in Laravel?
Well, it offers API across several queue backends, like Redis, Amazon SQS and rational database. At the same time, it even allows deferring the entire process required for time-consuming tasks like email sending and others. These tasks help to speed up the web requests to the applications.
How a variable value can be assigned for the view files?
Well, for this you just need to get a value and assign the same in the controller file in __construct()
For instance,
public function __construct() {
$this->middleware(function ($request, $next) {
$name = session()->get(‘businessinfo.name’); // get value from session
View::share(‘user_name’, $name); // set value for all View
View::share(‘user_email’, session()->get(‘businessinfo.email’));
return $next($request);
});
}
How the Custom Table Name in Model can be passed?
Undoubtedly, this is known to one of the most commonly asked questions in the Laravel interview questions. We need to pass the protected $table = ‘YOUR TABLE NAME’; in your respective Model.
For instance,
namespace App;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Login extends Model
{
protected $table = ‘admin’;
static function logout() {
if(session()->flush() || session()->regenerate()) {
return true;
}
}
}
How can the multiple variables by controller be passed to the blade file?
$valiable1 = ‘Best’;
$valiable2 = ‘Interview’;
$valiable3 = ‘Question’;
return view(‘frontend.index’, compact(‘valiable1′, valiable2′, valiable3’));
In the View File it can be displayed by {{ $valiable1 }} or {{ $valiable2 }} or {{ $valiable3 }}
In Laravel, how can you develop the migration in single artisan and model controller command?
php artisan make:model ModelNameEnter –mcr
How is it possible to obtain the name of the current route file?
request()->route()->getName()
How Ajax is used in form submission?
For instance,
<script type=”text/javascript”>
$(document).ready(function() {
$(“FORMIDORCLASS”).submit(function(e){
// FORMIDORCLASS will your your form CLASS ot ID
e.preventDefault();
$.ajaxSetup({
headers: {
‘X-CSRF-TOKEN’: $(‘meta[name=”_token”]’).attr(‘content’)
// you have to pass in between tag
}
})
var formData = $(“FORMIDORCLASS”).serialize();
$.ajax({
type: “POST”,
url: “”,
data : formData,
success: function( response ) {
// Write here your sucees message
}, error: function(response) {
// Write here your error message
},
});
return false
});
});
</script>
In Laravel, how one can redirect from controller to view file mode?
Well, one can use the following:
return redirect(‘/’)->withErrors(‘You can type your message here’);
return redirect(‘/’)->with(‘variableName’, ‘You can type your message here’);
return redirect(‘/’)->route(‘PutRouteNameHere’);
What does the term Package indicate in Laravel? What are some of the common Laravel packages?
Laravel packages can add functionality to the Laravel platform. Separated routes, views, controllers, and configurations are available in packages. Some of these are also intended specifically in order to enhance the application.
Several packages are nowadays available and some of the official laravel packages are as follows:
- Dusk
- Cashier
- Socialite
- Scout
- Passport
- Envoy
- Telescope etc
What the term validation used for and how it’s used?
When it comes to designing an app, validation is considered as the most essential element. The incoming data is validated. ValidatesRequests trait is preferred by it, thus, providing a very convenient method for authenticating the incoming requests of HTTP using powerful rules of validation.
Validation is a most important thing while designing an application. It validates the incoming data. It uses ValidatesRequests trait which provides a convenient method to authenticate incoming HTTP requests with powerful validation rules.
Here are some Available Validation Rules in Laravel:-
- Alpha
- Date Format
- Image
- IP Address
- Numeric
- URL
- Unique with database
- Size
- Min, Max etc
Is it possible to extend layout files in the Laravel view?
With @extends(‘layouts.master’), you can extend the master layout in view file.
Here, the layout is showed as a folder placed in resources/views, the master file will also be sharing the same position. Thus, “master.blade.php” is simply a layout file.
What are the server needs for Laravel 5.8?
- OpenSSL PHP Extension should be allowed
- PHP version >= 7.1.3
- Allow the XML PHP Extension
- PDO PHP Extension should be allowed
- Allow BCMath PHP Extension
- Tokenizer PHP Extension should be allowed
- Allow Ctype PHP Extension
- Ctype PHP Extension should be allowed
- JSON PHP Extension should be allowed
- Mbstring PHP Extension should be allowed
What do you mean by artisan? What are some of the popular artisan commands?
Artisian can be said as a kind of the “command line interface” that is used in Laravel. It offers numerous useful commands while creating your application. These commands can be utilized according to the needs.
Laravel supports multople artisan commands such as
- php artisan down;
- php artisan up:
- php artisan help;
- php artisan list;
- php artisan –version
- php artisan make:mail;
- php artisan make:migration;
- php artisan make:model;
- php artisan make:controller;
- php artisan make:middleware;
- php artisan make:provider etc.;
- php artisan make:auth;
How a helper file can be created in Laravel?
Composer can be used for developing the helper files and the steps are mentioned below:
First, develop a “app/helpers.php” file in the app folder”
Now, Add
“files”: [
“app/helpers.php”
]
in “autoload” variable.
Update the composer.json using composer update and omposer dump-autoload
public function passes($attribute, $value)
{
return $value >= 1896 && $value <= date(‘Y’) && $value % 4 == 0;
}
In Laravel, how the custom validation rule is created?
Run the “php artisan make:rule OlympicYear”
A file is generated after this command
Rules can be written in the passes() in the generated file, namely, OlympicYear.php. The result will be false or true depending on the condition in your case.
Next, the error message can be updated as:
public function message()
{
return ‘:attribute should be a year of Olympic Games’;
}
Finally, this class in controller’s store() method uses the code:
public function store(Request $request)
{
$this->validate($request, [‘year’ => new OlympicYear]);
}
How mail can be configured in Laravel?
Laravel offers a clean and powerful API over SwiftMailer library with the drivers for the SparkPost, Amazon SES, SMTP, Mailgun and shot an email. We can shot mail on the local servers and live servers with the help of this API.
An instance is provided through mail()
You can store mail messages in the views files using Laravel. For instance, we can develop email directories to manage the emails within the resources/views directory.
For instance,
public function sendEmail(Request $request, $id)
{
$user = Admin::find($id);
Mail::send(’emails.reminder’, [‘user’ => $user], function ($m) use ($user) {
$m->from(‘info@bestinterviewquestion.com’, ‘Reminder’);
$m->to($user->email, $user->name)->subject(‘Your Reminder!’);
});
}
What do the term Closures mean in Laravel?
Well, this is an anonymous method that is used in the form of callback functions as well as a parameter for assistance in a process. One can pass the parameter into the Closure. This can be executed by simply changing the Closure function call available in the handle method.
For instance,
function handle(Closure $closure) {
$closure();
}
handle(function(){
echo ‘Best Interview Question’;
});
A Closure parameter can be added to this handle method, which can be used as the type hint, thus, the handle method takes the Closure.
The handle method can be called for and a service can be passed as a parameter.
When handle method is using the $closure(); it is possible to tell Laravel to directly execute the provided Closure that can display the ‘Best Interview Question.’
In Laravel, is it possible to change the default database type?
You can update ‘default’ => env(‘DB_CONNECTION’, ‘mysql’), in the config/database.php. Upate the MySQL in the form of database.
Do you know about service container avaiable with Laravel?
Well, it is powerful tool that can be used for managing the dependencies of class as well as performing the dependency injection. At the same time, it is also termed as the IoC container.
Benefits of Service Container
- Binding of the interfaces in order to concrete the classes
- Service Container as the Registry
- Capacity for managing the class dependencies on the object creation
In Laravel, do you know the exact difference between {!! $username !!} and {{ $username }}?
{!! $username !!} is used in order to display contents using HTML tags and {{ $username }} is preferred to display the text contents
How the Laravel session is used?
Data retrieval from the session
session()->get(‘key’);
Session data retrieval
session()->all();
Data storage in session
session()->put(‘key’, ‘value’);
How the last inserted id can be obtained using Laravel query?
If you are using the save()
$blog = new Blog;
$blog->title = ‘Best Interview Questions’;
$blog->save()
// Now you can use (after save() function we can use like this)
$blog->id // It will display last inserted id
In case, the insertGetId() is being used,
$insertGetId = DB::table(‘blogs’)->insertGetId([‘title’ => ‘Best Interview Questions’]);
Which template engine is used by Laravel?
The “Blade Template Engine” is used by Laravel, a powerful and straightforward templating engine that can be used to its full potential.
What are the Laravel features which make it popular?
- Unit Testing
- Modular and Libraries
- Security
- Laravel based websites are secure and scalable
- MVC Architecture is supported
- Interfaces and Namespaces are included, which help organizing resources.
- Provides functionalities like ORM, Artisan, Template Engine, Eloquent, Migration system etc.
- Offers clean API
In Laravel, what is meant by loC container?
It is known for being a very powerful tool that can be used for managing the class dependencies. It possesses the power for resolving the classes without automatic configuration.
Which is the latest Laravel version?
5.8 is the latest version available for Laravel and it was released this year on 26th February.
Explain the basic Laravel concepts
Some of the important concepts used here are as follows:
- Eloquent ORM
- Blade Templating
- Security
- Artisan
- Middleware
- Routing
- Facades
- Caching
- Service Container
- Service Providers
What do you mean by the term lumen in Laravel?
It is that perfect solution that is used for developing the Laravel based micro services as well as fast APIs. It is indeed the latest project developed by Mr. Taylor Otwell. Generally, it is designed for micro services and not focused completely on interfacing applications. A simple installer is used, called Laravel.
The following command need to be used for installing Lumen:
composer global require “laravel/lumen-installer=~1.0”
How can we explain the use of Mutators and Accessors in Eloquent?
Laravel mutators and accessors are user-defined and custom method which usually allows users to format the Eloquent attributes. Attributes are formatted using accessors when retrieved from database.
Accessor
The syntax is where getNameAttribute()
Name can be defined as the capitalized attribute that you want to access.
public function getNameAttribute($value)
{
return ucfirst($value);
}
Mutator
Mutators actually format the attributes even before storing them in the database. The syntax of this function is where setNameAttribute().
Name is the camel-cased column that you want to access.
Let’s use the Name column once again, but before that we need to make a specific change before saving in the database.
public function setNameAttribute($value)
{
$this->attributes[‘name’] = ucfirst($value);
}
How can Middleware be used in Laravel?
Well, it serves like a middleman in between a response and a request. It can be defined as a kind of filtering mechanism that is used in the Laravel application.
Middleware can be developed with
php artisan make:middleware UsersMiddleware
“UsersMiddleware” metioned here is simply the name of the middleware. After using this command, a file called “UsersMiddleware.php” is developed in the app/Http/Middleware directory.
The middleware need to be registered in the kernel.php file in the variable “$routeMiddleware”
‘Users’ => \App\Http\Middleware\UsersMiddleware::class,
- Now, it is possible to call “Users” middleware when required to be used like route file or controller file.
- In the controller file, we can use in the following way,
public function __construct() {
$this->middleware(‘Users’);
} - We can use the following command in the route file,
Route::group([‘middleware’ => ‘Users’], function () {
Route::get(‘/’, ‘HomeController@index’);
});
In Laravel, what is the meaning of Eloquent ORM?
Well, ORM means object-relational mapper. This is an essential feature that is offered by the Laravel Framework. Laravel enable users to work with relationships and database objects using eloquent ORM. A specific Model is allotted for each of the tables that are used for interacting with that particular topic in the Laravel application.
It includes several relationships, which are as follows:
- One To Many relationships
- Many To Many relationships
- One To One relationships
- Many To Many Polymorphic relationships
- Polymorphic relationships
- Has Many Through relationships
How the cache can be cleared in Laravel?
The below artisan commands need to be processed step by step:
- php artisan config:clear
- php artisan cache:clear
- composer dump-autoload
- php artisan view:clear
- php artisan route:clear
How the disable or enable maintenance mode is accessed in Laravel?
The artisan commands mentioned below need to be used for disable and enable maintenance mode:
// Disable maintenance mode
php artisan up
// Enable maintenance mode
php artisan down
What is meant by seed in laravel?
Laravel offers a tool in order to add dummy data automatically to the databases; this is termed as seeding. The database seeder can be used to add testing data on the database table. Moreover, database seed is quite beneficial as testing with multiple data enables you to detect the bug which otherwise would have been overlooked. A one-time seeder need to be created with dummy data directly. This will help us to reuse when the project needs to be deployed for the first time. A seeder can be developed after table migration. All the classes present in the seed need to be placed in one directory
How the database seeder is created?
In order to develop a seeder, you need to run make:seeder Artisan command. The seeders developed using Laravel need to be places in database/seeds directory:
php artisan make:seeder AdminTableSeeder
How the update query is used in the Laravel?
We can update the data in database using the update() function in accordance to the situation.
For instance,
Blog::where([‘id’ => $id])->update([
‘title’ => ’Best Interview Questions’,
‘content’ => ’Best Interview Questions’
]);
OR
DB::table(“blogs”)->where([‘id’ => $id])->update([
‘title’ => ’Best Interview Questions’,
‘content’ => ’Best Interview Questions’
]);
How the Condition or Multiple is used in the Laravel Query?
Blog::where([‘id’ => 5])->orWhere([‘username’ => ‘info@bestinterviewquestion.com’])->update([
‘title’ => ‘Best Interview Questions’,
]);
What is meant by Queue? What are the benefits?
A queue is said to be a unified API across several Queue-backends. It even allows users to defer the processing of time-consuming work like email sending, which actually helps to save a lot of time and speed up the web request to applications.
Benefits
Queues are quite helpful in laravel when it comes to asynchronous work or taking jobs and forwarding them in order to be performed by some other processes. It also proves to be helpful for making time-consuming API calls, so that we do not have to make our user wait before the next page is provided.
The best part of using queues is there is no need to work on the lines given on a similar server like your application. In case, your work involves excessive computations, then suddenly there is no need to take any risk for drawing down or taking down the web server
How the take() and skip() options are used in the Laravel Query?
Both the take() and skip() methods are used in order to limit the results in query. Moreover, skip() is preferred for skipping the result numbers, while, take() is for obtaining the result numbers from query.
For instance,
$posts = DB::table(‘blog’)->skip(5)->take(10)->get();
// skip first 5 records
// get 10 records after 5
How the real time sitemap.xml file can be developed in Laravel?
Well, we can develop web pages of websites in order to tell search engines like Yahoo, Bing etc as well as Google about the site contents. The web crawlers present in the search engines access this file to crawl the sites more intelligently.
Some of the steps are mentioned below for creating the real time sitemap.xml file. These steps can also be used for developing dynamic XML files.
- You need to develop a route for this in the routes/web.phpfile
For instance,
Route::get(‘sitemap.xml’, ‘SitemapController@index’)->name(‘sitemapxml’); - A SitemapController.php can be developed with the help of an artisan command php artisan make:controller SitemapController
This code can be used in the controller
public function index() {
$page = Page::where(‘status’, ‘=’, 1)->get();
return response()->view(‘sitemap_xml’, [‘page’ => $page])->header(‘Content-Type’, ‘text/xml’);
}
Now, you need to develop a view file in the resources/view/sitemap_xml.blade.phpfile using this code
Enter this code in the view file developed by you
<?php echo ‘<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″?>’; ?>
<urlset xmlns=”http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9″
xmlns:xsi=”http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
xsi:schemaLocation=”http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9
http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9/sitemap.xsd”>
@foreach ($page as $post)
<url>
<loc>{{ url($post->page_slug) }}</loc>
<lastmod>{{ $post->updated_at->tz(‘UTC’)->toAtomString() }}</lastmod>
<priority>0.9</priority>
</url>
@endforeach
</urlset>
